Exercicio - treinamento TBW 3/4

                                                               

1. Você vai cantar uma musica para nós? 

Are you going to sing a song to us? (+ two objects) one object: for/to

2. Eu quero cantar uma música para ela.

I want to sing a song to/for her.

3. 1901 / 2017/2008 

nineteen oh one / two thousand (and) seventeen / two thousand (and) eight

4. Eu não queria nada daquele menino?

I didn’t want anything from that boy.

5. Preciso colocar as roupas na gaveta. 

I need to put the clothes in the drawer.

6. Eu estava sozinho na praia.

I was alone (at – on) the beach.

7. Nos não estávamos na festa. 

We weren’t (at – in) the party. (Noção de espaço – estar na festa).

8. Pensei em você hoje. 

I thought (of - about) you today.  (of = imagine – about = idea, consider).

9. Ele deixou o chapéu na estação de ônibus.

He left the hat (in – at) the bus station. (at; can be outside or inside the bus station).

10. O que você vai dar ao seu pai de aniversario? 

What are you going to give / are you giving your father for his birthday? What are you going to give to your father on his birthday?

11. Eu sempre dou gorjeta a garçonete. 

I always give tips to the waitress.

12. Eu dei a ele um presente. 

I gave him a gift.

13. Não quero dar um vestido a minha sobrinha. 

I don’t want to give a dress to my niece.

14. Esqueci de trazer o dinheiro para você. 

I forgot to bring the money for you. (Sb/sth to sth) she brought her boyfriend to the party. (Sth for Sb) Bring a present for Helen. (Sb Sth) Bring Helen a present.

15. Eu escrevi uma carta para Lucy. 

I wrote a letter to Lucy.

16. Eu os convidei para jantar.

I invited them for dinner. (sb to sth) Have you been invited to their party? (sb to do sth) They have invited me to go to Paris with them. (formal – sb to/for sth) Candidates will be invited for interview next week.

17. Ele nos convidou para a festa de Natal. 

He invited us to the Christmas party.

18. Eu a convidei para a festa.

I invited them to the party.

19. Você anda até a escola todos os dias?

Do you walk up to School every day?

20. Meu filho teve febre ontem. 

My son had a fever yesterday.

21. Eu tenho a solução para seu problema. 

I have a solution to your problem.  (to or for, to more common)

22. Qual é a solução para as escolas publicas? 

What is the solution to the public schools?

     Until: she worked until 10am.

     Up to: She walked up to the house.

     Even: she called even the beggars to the party.

     By: she will finish the report by 10pm

Solution For / To

·                    I need to find a solution to this problem

·         I need to find a solution for this problem

·         I need to find a remedy for this problem

All three sentences are correct, although the second is less common. Usually, one will find that to is the preposition of choice for the word solution. However, for is preferred in certain cases, and I give two examples to illustrate this:

·         A bunch of students are working on a physics problem set in the common room. C and J are done with questions 1 through 4 and are currently working on 5. A just finished solving question 4 and wants to check her work with C and J: "Hey guys, could you show me your solution for number four? I'm not sure I did it correctly."

·         Joe had just bought a fridge for a dollar from an old lady down the road. Still unable to believe his luck, he wasted no time in setting it up in the corner of the hovel he shared with his brother, Alex. Only after plugging in the fridge did Joe realize that the door wouldn't close properly. He repeatedly slammed the door shut only to have it slowly creak open each time to his chagrin. "Hey, bro," Alex finally said, "calm down. Calm down!" He pulled out a crowbar. "There's a quick solution for this."

FOR / TO

Use for when someone benefits from the action, and use to when the objects moves in the direction towards something or someone, like this,

I brought a chair for Sam. ('Sam' benefits from the action.)
I brought a chair for myself. (I benefit from the action.)
I brought a chair to the table. (The chair moves in the direction towards the table.)

I made a cake for Pat. ('Pat' gets the cake! Pat benefits.)
I made a cake to Pat. (Ungrammatical. Use a movement verb, like 'give'.)

I gave a cake to Pat. (The 'cake' moves in the direction towards Pat. Pat also benefits, but don't use 'for'. The verb 'give' already has the meaning of benefit within its meaning.)

I wrote a letter for Pat. ('Pat' benefits. Someone else did the work.)
I wrote a letter to Pat. (The 'letter' moves in the direction of 'Pat'.)

I will buy a cake for Sam. ('Sam' benefits. Someone else does the buying.)
I will buy a cake to Sam. (Ungrammatical. 'buy' expresses an exchange of items (money and things bought) so 'for' is best.

Try these out with other verbs and see what you come up with. If you find a verb that doesn't fit into the above patterns, post it here and we can talk about it.

Regards! Fabricio Santos

Pacal, Professor Show 3

AT, IN part 2

Home / at home  / at scholl....

"Home" can behaving like an adverb expressing direction. We do not need a preposition with home when it is used with any verb referring to direction:

• I shall be arriving / going / coming / leaving home late this evening.

Note that most verbs expressing direction require the preposition to before the noun, but not home. Compare the following:

• I made my way to the mosque before sunrise.
• I ran all the way to the theatre so that I wouldn't be late.
• I'm going to walk to work from now on. It's healthier.
• I arrived at the harbour just as the boat was leaving.

Once you arrive home, you are then at home and no more direction is suggested, so at is then the appropriate preposition to use with home:

• Will you be at home tonight or are you going out? ~ No, I'll be at home. ~ I'll pop round and see you then.

However, even here, at is often omitted, especially in American English.

No article with common nouns

Note that there are a number of common fixed expressions with prepositions involving everyday time and place nouns where no article is required:

after school / at school / before school / from school / in school / to school after university / at university / to university / in bed / out of bed / to bed

at home / from home / go home / leave home / after work / at work/ before work / from work / to,into work / leave work

from town / in town / out of town/ to,into town / after breakfast* at breakfast* before breakfast* for breakfast* to breakfast*

* OR: lunch, tea, dinner, supper

by bike/car/bus/taxi/tube/train/plane/boat - BUT on foot

• More and more people work from home these days at least one or two days per week.
• I'm going into town this afternoon. Do you want me to get you anything?
• I find it difficult to get out of bed, but always exercise for half an hour before breakfast, have fruit juice and muesli for breakfast and then walk to work.
• At school I studied biology, geography and English, but at university I'm going to study psychology.

It's quicker on foot or by bike. It will take you ages to get there if you go by car.

However, if you are referring to a specified breakfast, bed, school, piece of work etc, the definite article will normally be required:

• The bed I slept in last night was most uncomfortable.
• The lunch you prepared this morning was delicious.
• I'll meet you outside the school at eight thirty.
• The work that you did on the Tudors was excellent.

The car you sold me for £500 is unreliable.

This may help you!

Best Regards, Fabricio Santos

Give - for / to

give for / to

hand/provide

[transitive] to hand something to somebody so that they can look at it, use it or keep it for a time

give something to somebody Give the letter to your mother when you've read it. She gave her ticket to the woman at the check-in desk.

give somebody something Give your mother the letter. They were all given a box to carry. 2 [transitive, intransitive] to hand something to somebody as a present; to allow somebody to have something as a present

give somebody something What are you giving your father for his birthday? She was given a huge bunch of flowers. Did you give the waiter a tip?

 give something to somebody We don't usually give presents to people at work.

 give (something) They say it's better to give than to receive. 3 [transitive] to provide somebody with something

give somebody something They were all thirsty so I gave them a drink. Give me your name and address. We've been given a 2% pay increase. I was hoping you would give me a job. He was given a new heart in a five-hour operation. She wants a job that gives her more responsibility. Can I give you a ride to the station? They couldn't give me any more information. I'll give you (= allow you to have) ten minutes to prepare your answer. Don't give me any of that backchat (= don't be rude).

give something to somebody He gives Italian lessons to his colleagues. The reforms should give a better chance to the less able children. to pay in order to have or do something

give somebody something (for something) How much will you give me for the car?

give something I'd give anything to see him again.

give something for something I gave £50 for the lot.

party/event

[transitive] give something if you give a party, you organize it and invite people10

[transitive] give something to perform something in public She gave a reading from her latest volume of poetry. The President will be giving a press conference this afternoon.

telephone call

[transitive] give somebody something to make a telephone call to somebody Give me a call tomorrow. (British English) I'll give you a ring.

GIVE FOR

give (g v)

v. gave (g v), giv·en (g v n), giv·ing, gives

v.tr.

1. To make a present of: We gave her flowers for her birthday.

2. To place in the hands of; pass: Give me the scissors.

3.

a. To deliver in exchange or recompense; pay: gave five dollars for the book.

b. To let go for a price; sell: gave the used car away for two thousand dollars.

4.

a. To administer: give him some cough medicine.

b. To convey by a physical action: gave me a punch in the nose.

c. To inflict as punishment: gave the child a spanking; was given life imprisonment for the crime.

d. Law To accord by verdict: A decision was given for the plaintiff.

Hope it helps,

best regards, Teacher Fabricio Santos

AT, ON or IN – part 1

AT, ON or IN – part 1

1. Why, when you are on the beach you walk in the sand? But when you are in the street, you walk on foot? Is there any logical rule to it?
2. Do we say we read something in a newspaper, or on a newspaper?
3. What are the rules for using to and at? “I will meet you at the bank and I will go to the bank?”

4. Which is correct: in the street or on the street? And how about at the village or in the village?

At, on and in are the main prepositions in English indicating position. And I think there is some logic for the preference for one of them over the other two in given situations.
Generally speaking:

• in is used to specify position inside larger areas;
• on is used to specify position on a line or continuum;
• at is used to specify position in a larger place.

Compare the following:

• 'They were walking on the beach.'
• 'They were playing in the sand.'
• 'They were lying on the warm sand, reading their books.'

In the first example, we imagine people at a certain point on their walk along the beach; in the second example a group of children surrounded by sand and having fun in the sand, and in the third example, older children or adults lying on top of the sand, so on is most appropriate here.

1. In the example, “people walking in the sand”, one imagines soft sand, which their feet sometimes disappear into, but if you said on the sand, we would imagine it as hard sand which their feet do not sink into. Both on and in are therefore possible alternatives in this example.
As we can see, use of an appropriate preposition sometimes depends on how you think about it.
2. In example number 2, we read about things in a newspaper. To find what we are looking for, we usually have to open the newspaper and look inside. Therefore in is the most appropriate preposition. Compare the following:

'I saw it on BBC World, heard about it on the BBC World Service and then read about it in the Guardian Weekly.'

3. Example number 3, 'I will meet you at the bank' the precise location remains vague to the reader. It could be anywhere inside or outside the bank, although the two people who are arranging the meeting obviously know exactly where they are going to meet and do not need to specify it further. Compare the following:

• 'I bumped into him at the supermarket.' (Precise location unspecified)

• 'I bumped into him at the checkout in the supermarket.' (Precise location specified)

4. Example number 4, it depends upon perspective, really. Compare the following:

• 'There were crowds of people on the streets.'
• 'In the street where I live there are speed bumps every fifty yards.'

In the first example, we imagine someone surveying the crowds from a distance and in the second example the perspective is from inside the street.

Hope you enjoy,

best regards, Teacher Fabricio Santos

The Key To Excellent English - TBW - 01/04/11

The Key To Excellent English

Fluency is the ability to speak (and understand) English quickly and easily... WITHOUT translation. Fluency means you can talk easily with native speakers, they easily understand you, and you easily understand them. In fact, you speak and understand instantly.

The research is clear, there is only ONE way to get fluency. You do not get fluency by reading textbooks. You do not get fluency by studying grammar rules.

Listening Is The Key

To get English fluency, you must have a lot of understandable repetitive listening. That is the ONLY way. To be a FANTASTIC English speaker, you must learn English with your ears, not with your eyes. In other words, you must listen. Your ears are the key to excellent speaking.

What kind of listening is best? Well, it must be understandable and must be repetitive. If you don't understand, you learn nothing. You will not improve. That's why listening to English TV does not help your beginner student. You don't understand most of it. It is too difficult. It is too fast.

Understanding is not enough. You must also have a lot of repetition. If you hear a new word only once, you will soon forget it. If you hear it 5 times, you will still probably forget it! You must hear new words and new grammar many times before you will understand them instantly.

How many times is necessary? Most people must hear a new word 30 times to remember it forever. To know a word and instantly understand it, you probably need to hear it 50-100 times!

That's why you have to say to your students to listen to all of our lessons many times. We’ll tell them to listen to the conversation book, the input and output lessons everyday. We recommend that they listen to each lesson at least 30 times (for example, 4 times a day for one week). So, the two most important points are: listen to the student book and the conversation book.

Listen To Movies

Movies are great for learning English BUT you must use them correctly. Only watch one scene or segment per week (maybe 2-3 minutes).

Follow this method:

a) First, watch the scene with subtitles in your language. This will help you understand the general meaning. (Beginners). Book 1 – 4.

b) Second, watch the scene with English subtitles. Pause. Use a dictionary to find new words you don’t understand. Write the new sentences in a notebook.

c) Listen to the scene a few times, with English subtitles. Do not pause.

d) Listen to the scene a few times, without subtitles.

e) Repeat a) - d) everyday for one week.

Read and Listen at the Same Time

Listening and Reading together are very powerful. While you listen to something, also read it. This will improve your pronunciation.

Reading while listening also helps you understand more difficult material. Read and listen to learn faster. After you do this a few times, put away the text and just listen.

After that that’s the words you’re going to use to recommend these important exercise to your students.

Best Regards,

Teacher Fabricio Santos.

Pacal, Professor Show 2